The term law refers to the set of rules that govern the social and economic relationships of individuals, families, communities, and nations. These rules are enforceable by governmental institutions and social organizations.
Laws are typically made by the government or executive, but can also be made by a group legislature or a private actor. Some common legal issues include immigration, housing, debt, consumer rights, and criminal laws.
Legal issues can arise from sudden events or planned events. They may be related to family problems, business agreements, or sudden problems at work.
For example, if someone is convicted of breaking a law, he or she can face fines or jail time. However, law processes are fair and efficient, and the courts have access to impartial representatives.
In addition to providing orderly social change, law can serve to promote human rights. The United Nations has adopted numerous treaties on issues such as human rights.
There are two types of laws: civil law and common law. Civil law systems are based on judicial decisions, while common law systems are based on abstract statutes. Common law systems explicitly acknowledge the authority of the executive branch.
Modern lawyers have a degree from a law school. A Juris Doctor is considered the minimum requirement for practicing law in the United States. Higher academic degrees, such as a Bachelor of Civil Law or Master of Legal Studies, are also available.
In modern society, the practice of law is generally overseen by an independent regulating body. Lawyers must also be registered with the State Bar of Texas and have passed a qualifying examination.